海绵共附生放线菌Streptomyces sp. A01059抗稻瘟病活性物质的分离研究

对海绵共附生放线菌Streptomyces sp.A01059的发酵液进行研究,以获得有抗稻瘟病活性的化合物;用乙酸乙酯对发酵液进行萃取,然后用活性追踪的方法对乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分析,最后使用制备液相获得相应的活性部位;结果获得分子量为508和522的两个活性化合物;实验首次对放线菌Streptomyces sp.A01059的代谢产物进行分离研究.为稻瘟病的防治提供了新的途径.     

施用不同土壤改良剂对砖红壤酸度的影响

对砖红壤施用不同的改良剂,经一年的大田试验,测定土壤的活性酸与交换酸研究不同土壤改良剂对酸性土壤酸度的影响。试验结果表明：滤泥单施与石灰单施处理能有效降低土壤的活性酸以及交换性酸的含量,有较好的降低土壤酸度的效果,而施用绿肥、甘蔗渣、羊粪以及羊粪与膨润土混施均不能有效降低土壤的酸度。     

Simulation on Distribution of Photosynthetically Active Radiation in Canopy and Optimum Leaf Rolling Index in Rice with Rolling Leaves

By replacing leaf area index (LAI) with effective leaf area index (ELAI) through introduction of leaf rolling index (LRI), the distributions of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the canopies of three hybrid rice combinations, Liangyou E32 with high LRI, Liangyoupeijiu with moderate LRI and Shanyou 63 with non-rolling leaves (normal), were simulated. The model based on ELAI could predict more accurately than that based on LAI. The PAR interception, conversion and utilization efficiency in the three combinations were studied to evaluate their optimal LRI and LAI. The PAR utilization efficiency of Liangyou E32 was lower due to excessive rolling leaves and less ELAI, and that of Shanyou 63 was also lower because of the faulty PAR interception and lower photosynthetic rate and saturation point at lower layer in canopy. Compared with the above two combinations, Liangyoupeijiu showed more appropriate distribution of PAR interception and conversion efficiency in canopy, and higher PAR utilization efficiency. The optimal LRI and LAI for Liangyoupeijiu were 0.11 and 7.6, respectively, which were close to the observed value, 0.11 and 7.9, respectively. However, the optimum LAI was 9.8 for Liangyou E32 and 6.2 for Shanyou 63, larger or smaller than those under the current plant density, which led to lower efficiency of PAR utilization. Besides, the optimum LRI for Liangyou E32 and Shanyou 63 were 0.12 and 0.08, respectively, which were close to the actual LRI for Liangyoupeijiu (0.11).     

美国EPA登记的生物农药有效成分名录

本文列出了截止2009年4月1日。美国环保局农药项目办公室公布登记的319种生物农药有效成分名单。     

基于后轮主动脉冲转向的车辆稳定性分析与试验

为了提高车辆操纵稳定性,提出一种后轮主动脉冲转向控制策略,并对此做了理论分析和试验研究。基于试验Lexus车辆分析脉冲转向系统对车辆稳定性能的影响并确定最优的主动转向脉冲参数。设计了控制策略结构与算法,基于Car Sim和Simulink联合仿真分析,验证所提控制方法的有效性。基于试验Lexus车辆,安装液压脉冲转向系统并进行整车试验研究,验证后轮脉冲转向的实用性。仿真和试验结果表明:质心侧偏角和侧向加速度在峰值处分别减小了46.8%、23.5%,提高了汽车的横向稳定性;侧倾因子能控制在设定的阈值范围[-0.8,0.8],车辆侧倾角减小了25.4%,能有效改善车辆防侧翻能力,且展现出比后轮主动转向更好的控制效果。     

青海4种抗旱树种水分利用效率对水分和光照的响应

为研究4种青海乡土树种的水分利用效率与水分和光辐射之间的关系,试验采用Li-6400光合测定仪测定净光合速率和蒸腾速率,并计算水分利用效率。结果显示,青海4个抗旱树种获得最大水分利用效率时的土壤湿度在16%~18%之间,光合有效辐射在1300~1600μmol/(m2·s)之间;比较红砂、洛基山刺柏、沙地柏和沙枣在同等土壤湿度情况下的水分利用效率,表明沙枣较其他3个高原树种更容易获得较大水分利用效率,即使在干旱土壤环境,沙枣对水分的利用情况也优于其他3个树种。表明,虽然青海4个抗旱树种均具有耐贫瘠、适应干旱环境的能力,但沙枣在高原极干旱地区适应环境能力更强,可通过速生树种与抗旱树种相结合的造林方式,缓解荒漠地区树种匮乏的压力,实现沙化土地的复绿工作。     

Iron fertilizers applied to calcareous soil on the growth of peanut in a pot experiment

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L., Fabceae) to evaluate iron compound fertilizers for improving within-plant iron content and correcting chlorosis caused by iron deficiency. Peanuts were planted in containers with calcareous soil fertilized with three different granular iron nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers (ferrous sulphate (FeSO₄)–NPK, Fe–ethylendiamine di (o-hydroxyphenylacetic) (EDDHA)–NPK and Fe–citrate–NPK). Iron nutrition, plant biomass, seed yield and quality of peanuts were significantly affected by the application of Fe–citrate–NPK and Fe–EDDHA–NPK to the soil. Iron concentrations in tissues were significantly greater for plants grown with Fe–citrate–NPK and Fe–EDDHA–NPK. The active iron concentration in the youngest leaves of peanuts was linearly related to the leaf chlorophyll (via soil and plant analyzer development measurements) recorded 50 and 80 days after planting. However, no significant differences between Fe–citrate–NPK and Fe–EDDHA–NPK were observed. Despite the large amount of total iron bound and dry matter, FeSO₄–NPK was less effective than Fe–citrate–NPK and Fe–EDDHA–NPK to improve iron uptake. The results showed that application of Fe–citrate–NPK was as effective as application of Fe–EDDHA–NPK in remediating leaf iron chlorosis in peanut pot-grown in calcareous soil. The study suggested that Fe–citrate–NPK should be considered as a potential tool for correcting peanut iron deficiency in calcareous soil.     

大跨度主动蓄能型温室温湿环境监测及节能保温性能评价

针对日光温室土地利用率低,单体小不能进行立体栽培果树种植,不利于机械化操作等问题。该文提出一种大跨度主动蓄能型温室,该温室南北走向,双屋面拱形钢骨架结构,并采用主动蓄放热系统进行能量的蓄积与释放。该试验以传统砖墙日光温室作为对照,对大跨度主动蓄能型温室室内外温湿度以及主动蓄放热系统的能量收支进行分析,并对比2种温室的建造成本,综合分析了试验温室保温节能效果及经济效益。结果表明:大跨度主动蓄能型温室土地利用率高达87.4%。温室夜间平均气温高于10℃,无极端低温,晴天夜间平均气温比对照温室高1.5~3.1℃,比室外高13.9~19.3℃;阴天夜间平均气温比对照温室高1.2~2.8℃,比室外高12.5~18.9℃。夜间室内相对湿度平均比对照温室低7%~10%。主动蓄放热系统性能系数COP(coefficient of performance)为3.4~4.2,平均每天能耗0.013 k Wh/m2,与传统燃煤锅炉加温系统相比,平均节能率为47%。大跨度主动蓄能型温室建造成本每平米307.2元,比传统砖墙日光温室低144.5元。大跨度主动蓄能型温室是一种土地利用率高,单体大,保温性能良好,能进行冬季果菜生产的新型温室类型,且投入少,综合其经济环境效益,值得推广应用。     

基于噪声抑制的电液位置伺服系统自抗扰控制方法

测量噪声对扩张状态观测器带宽的限制是影响电液伺服系统自抗扰位置控制器性能的关键问题。为此,提出了一种基于噪声抑制扩张状态观测器的改进自抗扰控制方法。建立电液伺服系统非线性模型,通过坐标变换构造链式积分器结构,明确电液伺服系统“总扰动”。引入低通滤波器抑制高频测量噪声,利用滤波后的位置信号构建改进型扩张状态观测器,补偿滤波器导致的相位滞后,分离状态反馈与扰动估计,增加新的扰动估计调节参数,调和观测器高带宽、高估计性能与噪声放大间的矛盾。采用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明了闭环系统的稳定性。仿真与试验结果表明,在系统受扰状态下,与传统LADRC相比,本文所提出控制方法扰动抑制能力更强,位置跟踪精度更高,为自抗扰控制器的工程应用提供了参考。     

不同生态型胡杨异形叶对虫害的抗氧化反应

圆形叶和披针形叶是成年胡杨(Populus euphratica)的两种叶片,本研究分析两种叶片遭受虫害时活性氧释放和抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,遭受虫害时两种叶片超氧阴离子(O-2.)的释放,过氧化氢(H2O2)的含量,以及过氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均有增加,但圆形叶抗氧化酶变化显著高于披针形叶,尤以POD最为显著。以上结果说明圆形叶比披针形叶能经受更严重的虫害胁迫。